Most people associate sunburn with the skin, but prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays can also affect the eyes. The cornea, which is the clear outer layer of the eye, can get injured when exposed to harsh sunlight without protection. This condition is known as photokeratitis, often called a “sunburned eyeball.” It can happen faster than people realise, especially during summer travel, beach visits, or long outdoor exposure. This makes eye protection as important as sunscreen.
“Photokeratitis is essentially a burn injury to the cornea caused by intense UV exposure. Patients often don’t realise the damage immediately because symptoms can appear hours later. We frequently see cases after beach visits, trekking, or even exposure to welding arcs without protective eyewear. While it is usually temporary, the discomfort can be severe and should not be ignored. Early medical advice helps in managing pain and preventing further irritation,” says (Dr. Shibu Varkey, Regional Medical Director; Maxivision Super Speciality Eye Hospitals)
What Is Photokeratitis?
Photokeratitis occurs when ultraviolet rays damage the superficial cells of the cornea. Unlike skin sunburn, this injury is not visible from outside, but it can make the eyes extremely uncomfortable. The risk increases when sunlight reflects strongly from water, sand, snow, glass, or concrete surfaces. This reflected light can intensify UV exposure and affect the eyes even when one is not directly looking at the sun. In simple terms, the eyes can get harmed even during routine outdoor activities.
Symptoms You Should Not Ignore
The symptoms may begin few hours after exposure. A person may experience redness, watering, burning sensation, pain, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, gritty feeling in the eyes, or difficulty keeping the eyes open. In some cases, it may feel as if something is stuck inside the eye. These symptoms can disturb even simple tasks. Reading may feel difficult, driving can become uncomfortable, and bright phone or laptop screens may worsen the irritation. If eye pain starts after a day in strong sunlight, it should not be brushed aside as routine tiredness.
Who Is More at Risk?
Anyone who spends several hours outdoors can be at risk. Beachgoers, trekkers, bikers, swimmers, construction workers, skiers, and people attending open-air events are more likely to face this problem. Children need attention too, as holidays and sports often keep them outside for long hours. Contact lens users should be careful as well because the discomfort may feel sharper.
Prevention and Care
Good sunglasses are not just a style accessory; they are basic eye protection. Choose sunglasses that clearly mention UV protection and preferably use wraparound frames when outdoors for long periods. A cap or hat can add another layer of safety, especially in peak afternoon sun. If symptoms begin, do not rub the eyes. Remove contact lenses, rest indoors, avoid bright screens, and see an eye specialist if pain, redness, or blurred vision continues.
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