The human body makes uric acid naturally as it breaks down purines – natural substances that are part of our cells and are also found in many common foods. Normally, uric acid dissolves in blood, is filtered by the kidneys, and leaves the body through urine. However, if the body makes too much uric acid or the kidneys can’t remove enough of it, uric acid can build up in the blood. This condition is called hyperuricemia.
In the early stages, high uric acid often doesn’t cause any symptoms and can easily go unnoticed. But if levels stay high over time, it can lead to painful gout flare‑ups, kidney stones, and may contribute to metabolic health and bone health issues. In India, growing rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, inactive lifestyles, and changing eating habits have made high uric acid levels increasingly common, though often overlooked. Studies suggest that nearly 1 in 4 Indian adults may already have elevated uric acid, and many are unaware of it because it often has no early symptoms.
Why hyperuricemia matters
Excess uric acid doesn’t just affect the joints. Over time, it can form sharp crystals that settle in tissues, causing inflammation and the intense pain seen in gout. High uric acid levels are also linked to other health problems, including high blood pressure, kidney disease, obesity, diabetes, and heart‑related risks. Because of these wide‑ranging effects, hyperuricemia is no longer seen as just a joint problem. It’s now considered an important signal of overall metabolic health.
Understanding hyperuricemia and gout
One of the most common problems caused by untreated high uric acid is gout – this happens when excess uric acid forms sharp crystals that collect in the joints, leading to sudden attacks of severe pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. The big toe is often affected first, but gout can also involve the knees, ankles, fingers, or wrists.
Studies show that about 20–25% of people with persistently high uric acid eventually develop gout. In India, the rise of urban lifestyles, poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and increasing metabolic disorders are fueling this growing burden. Men tend to be at higher risk earlier in life, while women become more vulnerable after menopause.
According to Dr Harshil Vora, Consultant Orthopaedic, Dr Vora’s Orthopaedic Centre, Mumbai, “Hyperuricemia is a manageable condition when identified early through timely screening and regular monitoring. Left untreated, elevated uric acid levels can increase the risk of gout attacks, kidney complications, and metabolic health issues. Along with lifestyle modifications, appropriate medical management and consistent follow-up can help effectively control uric acid levels and reduce long-term complications.”
Dr Ankith Rai, Associate Director, Medical Affairs, Abbott India, added, “Because high uric acid often remains silent in the early stages, routine screening becomes important for individuals with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, kidney stone history, or recurrent joint pain. Early diagnosis along with balanced nutrition, hydration, physical activity, and timely treatment can significantly help in managing hyperuricemia and improving long-term health outcomes.”
Managing Uric Acid for Better Health
• Stay hydrated: Drinking adequate water helps the kidneys flush excess uric acid from the body.
• Be physically active: Regular exercise supports overall metabolic health and helps manage weight.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, increases uric acid production.
• Limit foods that can raise uric acid levels: Excess intake of red meat, organ meat, seafood, sugary beverages, and alcohol may contribute to higher uric acid levels.
• Monitor associated conditions: Diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney health should be regularly evaluated alongside uric acid levels.
• Seek medical advice early: Lifestyle changes are important, but persistent symptoms or elevated levels require professional medical guidance.10,11
As hyperuricemia quietly emerges as a widespread yet under‑recognized health challenge in India, greater awareness, routine screening, and early intervention are key to preventing its long‑term consequences. By adopting healthier lifestyles, staying alert to risk factors, and seeking timely medical guidance, individuals can take proactive steps to manage uric acid levels and safeguard their overall metabolic health before complications arise.
