Multiple Myeloma is a complicated hematological cancer originating due to defective plasma cells. Although the causes of the disease remain unknown, many years of studies have revealed some risk factors that predispose one to Multiple Myeloma. Knowledge of these risk factors can help with early detection, particularly in high-risk patients.
Age: The Biggest Risk Factor
The disease targets individuals older than 60 years. On average, those with multiple myeloma are aged between 65 and 70 years, people below the age of 40 rarely develop this condition. With increasing age, the chances of experiencing genetic changes become higher, and the immune system's efficacy decreases.
Gender and Ethnicity
Based on epidemiological data, men seem to have a slightly higher risk of developing this than women. The condition is also more common in African people than in Caucasians or Asians. Although there is no specific reason why it is caused it is believed that it could be linked to genetic risk factors and environmental influences.
Genetic Factors and Family History
While Multiple Myeloma does not fall under the category of hereditary diseases, having a family history of plasma cell-related problems is linked to a relatively high risk. The first-degree relatives of Multiple Myeloma sufferers and their close family members also seem to face a slightly higher risk of developing the disease.
Obesity and Other Lifestyle Factors
Recent research findings have suggested that being overweight may predispose patients to Multiple Myeloma development. The extra body weight leads to inflammatory and immune disorders, which may favor cancer development. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits may contribute indirectly by affecting one’s metabolic health.
Environmental and Occupational Exposures
The likelihood of this disease is also influenced by exposure to harmful substances present in certain environments. People who work in chemical, oil, pesticide, and metal industries may be exposed to carcinogens, significantly increasing the risk. Exposure to radiation is also known to be a risk factor for multiple myeloma.
Immune System Disorders
People who are battling a weak immune system and inflammation are more prone to developing plasma cell disorders. When the immune system is not working properly, it cannot easily spot and destroy abnormal cells. Because of which abnormal cells grow and multiply leading to cancer.
The development of multiple myeloma is not due to only one reason; there are different reasons for developing multiple myeloma. These include old age, genetics, environment, and obesity among others. While there are some causes that cannot be controlled, like age and genetics, others can actually be avoided.
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